Artificial Biospheres In Space

O'Neil rotating system concepts are getting a bit old.

We now know that these platforms are not needed at all. No mirrors
need be installed. Sunlight is not needed for human survival. It's
not even needed for agriculture. These are old ideas.. false ideas.

Artificial gravity is needed for those people that plan to return
to, or spend some time on the surface of a gravity-rich body. They
need to build up their bone and muscle mass.. their hearts have to
be able to pump that blood under the force of gravity.

There's nothing wrong with building O'Neil or most any (insert
creator/group) thing, but if the balloon's leaking we might have to
get rid of some unnecessary weight.

What of the cost to repair and to maintain such gargantuous, and
unnecessary, structures?

At least scrap the mirrors.

Please.

In my opinion, the ideal space city would have multiple structures,
some of which would rotate. Not all. Not everything rotating.

Then from that, and on that, scenario we always work to make
improvements.

It's highly unlikely we'll decide to start rotating everything and
installing mirrors.

Large structures should be segmented, or in cells, to reduce the
likelihood of everyone perishing inside that structure in the event
of a disaster.

I would also like to see mobility. The capacity to move the most
essential structures is important I think.

George
(cygo.com)